COURSE:
NURS-6630N: Approaches to Treatment
Construct a 5- to 6-page paper discussing each of the four traditional mood stabilizer medications: carbamazepine, lamotrigine, lithium, and valproate products. Support your answers with five (5) evidence-based, peer-reviewed scholarly literature.
Note: APA style format will apply.
Your paper should include the following for each:
- Proposed mechanism of action
- Baseline assessment, laboratory considerations, and frequency of ongoing labs and assessments
Note: Discuss the importance of assessment and labs. - Special population considerations (birth assigned gender, age, other medical comorbidity considerations)
- FDA approval indications
- Typical dosing with discussion on therapeutic endpoints for psychiatric use
- Major drug–drug interaction considerations
- For each of these medications, please review potential drug–drug interactions listed below. Consider alternative dosing schedules, clinical implications for the drug interactions, additional patient education needed, any additional monitoring recommended, or collaboration needed with other medical professions (such as, primary care providers)
- Lamotrigine + Valproate
- Lamotrigine + Rifampin
- Valproate + Estrogen containing birth control.
- Valproate + Amitriptyline
- Lithium + Furosemide
- Lithium + Lisinopril
- Carbamazepine + Lurasidone
- Carbamazepine + Grapefruit juice
- Discuss the ethical, legal, and social implications related to prescribing bipolar and other related mood-disorder diagnoses therapy for patients.
- For each of these medications, please review potential drug–drug interactions listed below. Consider alternative dosing schedules, clinical implications for the drug interactions, additional patient education needed, any additional monitoring recommended, or collaboration needed with other medical professions (such as, primary care providers)
Solution
Mood Stabilizers
Mood stabilizers are commonly used in the management of bipolar disorder. Precisely, they help in managing mood swings such as mania, hypomania as well as depression. However, it is important to take into account several factors when prescribing mood stabilizers. In light of this, this paper discusses the consideration for prescribing mood stabilizers.
Mechanism of Action
Carbamazepine is believed to work through two mechanisms namely: enhancing sodium channel inaction through the reduction of high-frequency repetitive firing of action potential as well as action on synaptic transmission (Lattanzi & Belcastro, 2020). Lamotrigine works by partially blocking the calcium channels and sodium channels which in turn decreases the release of glutamate (Costa & Vale, 2023). A number of studies have proposed that lithium inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 β, blocks the binding of serotonin to its receptors as well as alters the release and uptake of glutamate. Valproic acid exerts its therapeutic effect by………………………..$10